{"id":1082,"date":"2026-06-11T10:30:34","date_gmt":"2026-06-11T10:30:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/california-relocation-journal.com\/?p=1082"},"modified":"2026-06-11T10:30:34","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T10:30:34","slug":"this-hidden-gem-in-ocean-science-unlocked-the-secrets-of-el-nino","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/california-relocation-journal.com\/?p=1082","title":{"rendered":"This hidden gem in ocean science unlocked the secrets of El Ni\u00f1o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>This might come as a surprise, unless you\u2019re plugged into ocean science lore: The oldest and longest-running marine ecosystem monitoring program in the world is based right off the coast of Southern California.<\/p>\n<p>Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/california-relocation-journal.com\/?p=1080\">Spencer Pratt became a voice for L.A.\u2019s disaffected. Where do his supporters go now?<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Every season, for more than three-quarters of a century, researchers with the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations \u2014 or CalCOFI, for those in the know \u2014 have sailed hundreds of miles off the Golden State\u2019s coast and collected a dizzying array of zooplankton, microscopic plant matter, larvae and all manner of fish. Like taking a pulse of the ocean at particular moments in time, generations of scientists have meticulously documented water temperature, salinity, acidity, oxygen levels and dozens of other data points that have become the gold standard for understanding the ocean and how it\u2019s changing. <\/p>\n<p>Nowhere else on the planet has such a large swath of ocean been studied as thoroughly and for so long, and much of our modern approach to oceanography and weather forecasts can be traced back to this hidden gem in marine science. In fact, it\u2019s thanks to CalCOFI that in 1958, scientists first pieced together that El Ni\u00f1o (a term being used locally in Peru at the time) was a climate phenomenon that wreaked havoc not just in Latin America \u2014 but also in California, and in turn, the world.<\/p>\n<p>And now in a world facing sea level rise, ocean acidification, record-breaking marine heat waves and a looming \u201csuper\u201d El Ni\u00f1o \u2014 being able to reexamine past fluctuations in the ocean and what used to be \u201cnormal\u201d is critical to preparing for the future. <\/p>\n<p>Have a question on what happened to fish during the last marine heat wave? Ask CalCOFI. Need a snapshot of the ocean before an oil spill? Check CalCOFI. And when The Times breaks news that, say, a shocking amount of DDT had been dumped off the coast of Southern California in the 1950s, scientists can go back in time and comb through millions of archived fish samples to track a chemical that they didn\u2019t know to look for until now. <\/p>\n<p>This research collaborative can even jump in as disasters are unfolding. When Los Angeles erupted in flames last year and ash started to rain upon the sea, scientists happened to already be out on the water. They promptly gathered soot-tainted samples and confirmed that debris from the Palisades and Eaton fires had clouded the ocean\u2019s surface as far as 100 miles offshore.<\/p>\n<p>All told, more than 10,450 peer-reviewed scientific papers have cited or mentioned CalCOFI data since the monitoring program began. In just the past year, 553 published papers have relied on CalCOFI data in some form.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI\u2019ve been using information from CalCOFI for as long as I can remember, being in this field since my Heal the Bay days \u2014 it is just that fundamental to really understanding what\u2019s going on in the ocean,\u201d said Mark Gold, a longtime environmental champion who was recently appointed CalCOFI\u2019s new director for the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego. \u201cThe fact that you have this treasure trove of samples going back 77 years that you can continue to ask questions to \u2026 there\u2019s just nothing else like it on Earth.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The first CalCOFI expedition set sail in 1949 in a joint effort by Scripps, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA Fisheries) and state fish and wildlife officials. The original quest was to study the collapse of California\u2019s sardine industry, but scientists quickly realized that solving that mystery required studying not just one species, but also all the interconnected components across the ecosystem.<\/p>\n<p>So CalCOFI started to collect detailed samples of the ocean from 75 to 113 stations, returning to the same spots each season along a carefully mapped-out grid that zigzags from the Mexico border, up past San Francisco and out to 300 miles offshore. Researchers on board work around the clock collecting fish, pulling in plankton nets, taking acoustic measurements and documenting every whale and seabird they see. The ship itself is a floating lab, with scientists identifying tiny organisms under microscopes, analyzing water chemistry and testing new research techniques such as environmental DNA.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere are all these people who are discovering, defining, cataloging and maintaining these individual threads that weave into this beautiful fabric that is our world \u2014 and helping us understand what happens if one of those threads is pulled,\u201d said Noelle Bowlin, director of CalCOFI for NOAA Fisheries. \u201cMany parts of our future are dependent on scientists doing this work \u2014 much of it behind-the-scenes work that nobody really knows about.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Keeping such a living collection  alive is no small feat. Walking today through CalCOFI\u2019s archives in San Diego is like being at a national library, but with shelves and shelves of vials and jars instead of books, and seemingly endless banks of freezers at minus 80 degrees Celsius. These snapshots of every layer of the ocean are invaluable, and multiple scientists are always on call after midnight in case a freezer goes down.<\/p>\n<p>Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/california-relocation-journal.com\/?p=1078\">Becerra heads toward the November election with a major edge over Hilton in governor\u2019s race, poll shows<\/a><\/p>\n<p>CalCOFI is a humbling reminder that it can take decades of commitment to understand even one patch of ocean. And at a time when federal budget slashes have upended many institutions of science and newer programs have struggled to stay afloat, continuing any baseline of knowledge that we do have is even more critical.<\/p>\n<p>(Just last week, news broke that the Trump administration is dismantling the Ocean Observatories Initiative, which had installed a network of deep-sea monitors just 10 years ago off the coast of Alaska, Oregon, Washington State, North Carolina and a key area between Greenland and Iceland known as the Irminger Sea.)<\/p>\n<p>Gold, who has navigated the booms and busts of seven presidential administrations, said a lot is at stake but CalCOFI proves how much this research is needed \u2014 and how it needs to grow. He points to the many monitoring efforts that have been inspired by CalCOFI over the years \u2014 programs on the East Coast and as far as New Zealand, Spain and Peru.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere is a tremendous need to improve and expand ocean monitoring,\u201d Gold said. \u201cThis information is used in so many different ways, and we\u2019ve seen how instrumental CalCOFI has been to understanding climate, ocean health, fisheries, risks of eating contaminated seafood, swimming in pathogen-polluted waters, you name it &#8230; It has just been invaluable.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>In other ocean news<\/h2>\n<p>The United Nations just released a new assessment on ocean health \u2014 and it is sobering. The report documents a \u201cdeepening crisis\u201d as climate change, pollution, overfishing and biodiversity loss threaten marine ecosystems critical to human survival, as Todd Woody reports for Bloomberg. Here\u2019s one of many data points to consider: \u201cAbout 38% of global fish stocks in 2021 were being harvested faster than populations could replenish themselves.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>And here in California, the iconic pier in Pacifica was shut down last week after cracks were discovered and concrete chunks were falling into the ocean. It\u2019s just one of many structures along our coast that have recently crumbled under pressure from a rising and increasingly stormy sea, as reported in The Times by my colleague Susanne Rust.<\/p>\n<h2>One more thing<\/h2>\n<p>The San Diego Natural History Museum will be doing a special screening next Tuesday, June 16, of \u201cOut of Plain Sight,\u201d the documentary I directed with Daniel Straub. The film is a cinematic expansion of my reporting on the legacy of DDT and toxic waste dumping off the coast of Southern California. We\u2019ve been taking the film through the film festival circuit, and I\u2019m grateful to share that we\u2019ve received some of the highest honors in environmental filmmaking, including the Jackson Wild Media Award for best investigative film. <\/p>\n<p>The San Diego screening starts at 7 p.m. and I will be there to moderate a Q&amp;A featuring David Valentine from UC Santa Barbara, Lihini Aluwihare from Scripps, Eunha Hoh from San Diego State University\u2019s School of Public Health and Alissa Deming from the Pacific Marine Mammal Center.<\/p>\n<p>For those based on the East Coast, we will also be doing a special screening and Q&amp;A with Fara Warner at the University of Rhode Island as part of the Metcalf Institute\u2019s distinguished Leeson Lecture series. The screening starts at 3 p.m. on Tuesday, June 23 and is open to the public. Come say hello!<\/p>\n<p><i>This is the latest edition of Boiling Point, a newsletter about climate change and the environment in the American West. <\/i><i>Sign up here to get it in your inbox.<\/i> <\/p>\n<p><i>For more coastal and ocean stories, follow <\/i><i>@rosanna.xia <\/i><i>and <\/i><i>@outofplainsightfilm<\/i><i> on Instagram.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/california-relocation-journal.com\/?p=1077\">Democrats keep Prop. 50 promise alive through primary, with momentum heading toward November<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nowhere else on the planet has such a large swath of ocean been studied as thoroughly and for so long, and much of our modern approach to oceanography can be traced back to this hidden gem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1081,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1082","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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